Answer :

Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, driven by differences in water concentration. This process is vital for maintaining cellular integrity and regulating water balance in biological organisms.

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is a fundamental biological process known as osmosis. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of water and solutes within cells and organisms. Osmosis is driven by the concentration gradient of water, with water molecules naturally moving from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

In biological systems, cell membranes act as selectively permeable barriers, allowing certain substances, including water, to pass through while restricting the movement of others. Osmosis is particularly significant in plant and animal cells, where the regulation of water content is essential for maintaining cell structure and function.

When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (lower solute concentration), water will move into the cell, potentially causing it to swell or even burst due to the osmotic pressure. Conversely, in a hypertonic solution (higher solute concentration), water will move out of the cell, leading to cell shrinkage or plasmolysis. In an isotonic solution (equal solute concentration), there is no net movement of water, and the cell maintains its shape.

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