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Different finch species have beaks of different shapes and sizes. What do these beak differences tell us?

A. Differences in beak shapes tell us that all the finches eat the same type of food.
B. Different finch beak shapes are evidence that all Galápagos finches shared a common ancestor a long time ago.
C. Different finch beak shapes are evidence that over time, finch species adapted to different food sources on the islands.
D. Different finch beak shapes are evidence that several finch species with different beak shapes came to the Galápagos Islands from the mainland.

Answer :

Beak differences among finches indicative of adaptations to various food sources are evidence of natural selection and adaptive radiation. Hence, the correct option is C.

The differences in beak shapes and sizes among different finch species tell us that over time, finch species have adapted their beaks to specialize in different food sources on the islands where they live. The variation in beak morphologies is a result of adaptive radiation, where natural selection has favored finches that can efficiently exploit the available food resources in their specific environments. For example, finches with larger, stronger beaks may be more adept at cracking tough seeds, while those with thinner, longer beaks might be better at probing for insects. Charles Darwin observed these differences during his visit to the Galápagos Islands and postulated that it was evidence for evolution through natural selection, with all finches likely descending from a common ancestor.

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