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1. What term is used to describe the molten material deep inside the Earth?
A. Hot spot
B. Lava
C. Magma
D. Volcano

2. Which is NOT a contributor to the formation of magma?
A. Pressure
B. Composition
C. Temperature
D. Distance from the core

3. Viscosity is a measure of a material's resistance to flow. Which affects the viscosity of magma?
A. Temperature of the magma
B. Chemical composition of the magma
C. Presence of dissolved gases in the magma
D. All of the choices

4. Which serves as the driving force that causes magma to explode to the surface?
A. The gravity in the core
B. The mass of the magma
C. The silica in the magma
D. The dissolved gases trapped in the magma

5. Magma is a mixture of minerals and volcanic gases. Which describes the composition of gases in magma?
A. Mostly H₂O (water vapor) & some CO₂ (carbon dioxide)
B. Major amounts of sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine gases
C. Mostly CO₂ (carbon dioxide) and few H₂O (water vapor)
D. Mostly SO₂ (sulfur dioxide) and some H₂O (water vapor)

6. What are the characteristics of magma that create explosive eruptions?
A. High gas content and high viscosity
B. Low gas content and low viscosity
C. High gas content and low viscosity
D. Low gas content and high viscosity

7. What would magma with the highest viscosity contain?
A. A high silica content and high temperature
B. A high silica content and low temperature
C. A low silica content and high temperature
D. A low silica content and low temperature

8. At depth in the Earth, nearly all magmas contain gas dissolved in liquid. When do the gases form into a separate vapor phase?
A. When volume of gas is reduced as pressure increases
B. When volume of gas expands as pressure is increased
C. When pressure is decreased as magma rises toward the surface of the Earth
D. When pressure is increased as magma rises toward the surface of the Earth

9. Which type of volcano ejects basaltic magma?
A. Cinder cone
B. Composite
C. Shield
D. Stratovolcanoes

10. In magma formation, what should be the temperature and pressure requirements?
A. High temperature and high pressure
B. Low temperature and low pressure
C. High temperature and low pressure
D. High pressure and low temperature

Answer :

Final answer:

The questions assess knowledge on magma formation, its components, and volcanic activity. Key concepts include definitions of magma, the factors affecting eruptions, and characteristics of different volcano types. The answers reinforce essential geological principles relevant to volcanic processes.


Explanation:

Examining Magma and Volcanoes

1. What term is used to describe the molten material deep inside the Earth?
C. magma is the correct term that refers to molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.

2. Which is NOT a contributor in the formation of magma?
The answer is D. distance from the core because pressure, composition, and temperature are the key contributors.

3. Viscosity of magma:
The correct answer is D. all of the choices. Factors like temperature, chemical composition, and dissolved gases all influence viscosity.

4. Driving force for magma's explosive ascent:
The correct answer is D. the dissolved gases trapped in the magma as they create pressure and drive eruptions.

5. Composition of gases in magma:
The answer is A. Mostly H₂O (water vapor) & some CO₂ (carbon dioxide), reflecting the nature of volcanic gases.

6. Characteristics creating explosive eruptions:
The answer is A. high gas content and high viscosity because these factors increase the potential for explosive eruptions.

7. Magma with the highest viscosity:
The answer is B. a high silica content and low temperature as silica increases resistance to flow.

8. Gases forming a separate vapor phase:
The answer is C. When pressure is decreased as magma rises toward the surface of the Earth allowing gases to expand and form bubbles.

9. Type of volcano ejecting basaltic magma:
The answer is C. Shield volcanoes are known for their low-viscosity basaltic lava.

10. Temperature and pressure requirements for magma formation:
The correct option is C. High temperature and low pressure to facilitate melting.


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