Answer :

Final answer:

The discussed stage of disease is associated with HIV/AIDS and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It marks a significant progression in severity, characterized by a lowered CD4 T-cell count and symptoms indicative of a deteriorated immune system in HIV/AIDS and severe renal impairment in CKD Stage 5.

Explanation:

Stage 4: Delayed Degenerative Disease and CD4 T-cell Count

The student's question pertains to a stage of disease progression where the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms. This is typically associated with HIV/AIDS progression and could also relate to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the context of HIV/AIDS, Stage 4 is not a formal stage in clinical nomenclature, but the term might refer to the progression from the clinical latency phase to AIDS. During the latency stage (Stage 2), the HIV virus is actively present and reproducing at low levels—patients may not exhibit any symptoms for a long period. However, as they transition to AIDS (Stage 3), patients' CD4 T-cell count drops below 200 cells/μL, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and other severe symptoms like fever and weight loss, signaling a deteriorated immune function.

In contrast, CKD's Stage 5 indicates severe impairment of renal function, necessitating dialysis or a kidney transplant. CD4 T-cell counts serve as an important marker during HIV infection progression, as depicted in Figure 25.25, which illustrates the clinical progression of these cell counts in relation to viral RNA levels and clinical symptoms.

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Rewritten by : Barada