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**Q2 [1 mark]**
A density log shows that the bulk density of a formation is 2.30 g/cc. The density of the rock matrix is 2.62 g/cc, and the density of the fluid in the formation is 0.869 g/cc. Calculate the porosity.

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**Q3 [1 mark]**
A structure is planned to be appraised in the year 2024. It is estimated to contain a STOTIP of 33 MMstb. The recovery factor is assumed to reach 42% through a waterflooding project. Determine the proved oil reserves as of today.

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**Q4 [1 mark]**
The reserves-to-production ratio of 'X' country is 99.3, and their annual production is 32 million stock tank barrels of oil. Determine the reserves available in this country.

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**Q5 [1 mark]**
Calculate the oil formation volume factor given that the reservoir volume is 388 million reservoir barrels, and the surface volume of fluids is 318 million stock tank barrels.

Answer :

Q2: The porosity is 0.32 or 32%.

Q3: The proved oil reserves as of today is13.86 MMstb

Q4: The reserves available in the country is 3.18 billion barrels.

Q5: The oil formation volume factor is 1.22 reservoir barrels per stock tank barrel.

Q2: The porosity is a measure of the volume of pore space in a rock. It is calculated by comparing the bulk density of a formation to the density of the rock matrix and fluid. A higher porosity means there is more space for fluids to flow through the rock.

The porosity can be calculated using the formula:

Porosity = (matrix density - bulk density) / (matrix density - fluid density)

Porosity = (2.62 - 2.30) / (2.62 - 0.869) = 0.32 or 32%.

Q3: Proved reserves are estimated quantities of oil that are expected to be commercially recoverable with reasonable certainty. The proved reserves as of today can be estimated using the STOTIP and recovery factor for the field.

The proved oil reserves as of today can be calculated using the formula:

Proved reserves = STOTIP x Recovery factor

Proved reserves = 33 MMstb x 42% = 13.86 MMstb

Q4: The reserves to production ratio is a measure of how many years of production can be sustained at the current rate. The reserves available in the country can be estimated by multiplying the ratio by the annual production.

The reserves available in the country can be calculated using the formula:

Reserves = R/P x Annual production

Reserves = 99.3 x 32 million barrels = 3,177.6 million barrels or 3.18 billion barrels.

Q5: The oil formation volume factor is a measure of how much the volume of oil changes when it is brought to the surface. It is calculated by dividing the reservoir volume by the surface volume of fluids. A higher formation volume factor means that more oil is produced from a given volume of reservoir rock.

The oil formation volume factor can be calculated using the formula:

Oil formation volume factor = Reservoir volume / Surface volume of fluids

Oil formation volume factor = 388 million barrels / 318 million barrels = 1.22 reservoir barrels per stock tank barrel.

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