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Which of the following conditions would result in the least amount of water movement from a cell across its membrane, given that the membrane is only permeable to water (i.e., not permeable to substance X) and the cell is suspended in a test tube of water?

A. A solution containing 30% substance X and a 1 mm thick membrane
B. A solution containing 30% substance X and a 1 cm thick membrane
C. A solution containing 10% substance X and a 1 cm thick membrane
D. A solution containing 10% substance X and a 1 mm thick membrane

Answer :

The condition resulting in the least water movement from a cell across its membrane is a solution containing 30% substance X with a 1 cm thick membrane.

The gradient in the concentration of solute molecules determines how easily water can pass through a semi-permeable membrane. The rate of diffusion is inversely correlated with membrane thickness. The 1 cm thick membrane will, in this case, obstruct water flow more than the 1 mm thick membrane.

Additionally, a 30% substance X solution will have a larger solute concentration than a 10% substance X solution, resulting in a steeper concentration gradient. Therefore, the 30% substance X solution with the thicker membrane and greater solute concentration will have the least quantity of water flow from the cell.

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