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16. Chondrosarcoma develops in cells that produce cartilage.

17. Group A strep pharyngeal infection precedes clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever.

18. Intervertebral disc diseases include:
1. Herniated disc
2. Degenerative disc disease
3. Bulging disc
4. Spinal stenosis

19. Pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis depends on:
1. Immune activation
2. Vascular damage
3. Fibrosis
4. Cytokine release
5. Autoantibody production

20. The bone remodeling cycle consists of:
- Resorption phase, where osteoclasts digest the old bone,
- Reversal phase, and
- Formation phase, where new bone is formed by osteoblasts.

Answer :

Final answer:

Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that produce cartilage. The bone remodeling cycle consists of two main phases: resorption and formation. During the resorption phase, old bone tissue is broken down and digested by osteoclasts. In the formation phase, new bone tissue is deposited by osteoblasts to replace the resorbed bone.

Explanation:

Pathogenesis of Chondrosarcoma:

Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that originates from the cells that produce cartilage. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of cartilage cells, leading to the formation of tumors. The exact cause of chondrosarcoma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with genetic mutations and certain risk factors such as previous radiation exposure or certain genetic conditions.

Bone Remodeling Cycle:

The bone remodeling cycle is a continuous process that involves the removal of old bone tissue and the formation of new bone tissue. It consists of two main phases: resorption and formation.

  1. Resorption Phase: During this phase, specialized cells called osteoclasts break down and digest the old bone tissue. This process is essential for removing damaged or old bone and maintaining bone health.
  2. Formation Phase: After the resorption phase, the formation phase begins. During this phase, osteoblasts, another type of specialized cells, deposit new bone tissue to replace the resorbed bone. This cycle ensures the continuous renewal and repair of bone tissue throughout life.

Learn more about the bone remodeling cycle here:

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