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**Case Summary:**

**Patient Information:**
- Name: J.C.
- Age: 44 years old
- Gender: Male
- Occupation: Market vendor

**Chief Complaint:**
- Shortness of breath

**History of Present Illness:**
- Onset: 7 days prior to ER visit
- Initial Symptoms: High-grade fever, malaise, and non-productive cough
- Treatment Attempt: Anti-parasitic drugs, advised by a neighbor, ineffective
- Current Symptoms: Persistent fever and cough, shortness of breath, loss of taste

**Medical History:**
- Past Medical History: Unremarkable
- Family Medical History: Unremarkable
- Personal/Social History: Works daily at the market selling goods

**Physical Examination:**
- General: Conscious, coherent, oriented
- Vital Signs:
- Blood Pressure: 120/70 mmHg
- Cardiac Rate: 110 bpm
- Temperature: 38.8°C
- Oxygen Saturation on Room Air: 85%
- Skin: Unremarkable
- Head: Unremarkable
- Eyes: Pink palpebral conjunctivae, anicteric sclerae
- Ears: Auricles symmetrical, non-tender; patent canals, intact tympanic membrane
- Nose: Symmetrical, with alar flaring; patent vestibules
- Mouth and Oral Cavity: Unremarkable
- Neck: Supple, symmetrical, no masses or lymphadenopathy
- Lungs/Chest: Symmetrical expansion, crackles from mid to base on auscultation
- Heart: Tachycardic, regular rhythm, no heaves, thrusts, or thrills
- Abdomen: Unremarkable
- Extremities: Unremarkable

**Laboratory Results:**
- COVID-19 Antigen: Positive
- COVID-19 PCR: Positive
- SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM: Negative

**Questions:**

1. In the physical examination, why does the patient have an increased cardiac rate?
2. Assuming 3 months post-recovery, the patient's SARS-CoV-2 IgG shows a positive result. What does this imply?

Answer :

Increased cardiac rate in the physical exam is present due to tachycardia. Tachycardia is defined as a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute. This is present in the patient in the given case.

The given information implies that the patient had a COVID-19 infection but has now recovered from it. Assuming that after 3 months from recovery, the patient’s SARS COV2 IgG shows a positive result, it implies that he has developed immunity against the disease. Tachycardia is the medical term for an elevated heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. It is defined as a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute. This is caused by increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system .Tachycardia is common in people who have fever, shortness of breath, and other symptoms that are associated with COVID-19. This is because the body is trying to cope with the stress caused by the disease. It is a sign of an abnormality in the heart rhythm or a condition that can affect the normal function of the heart. The presence of tachycardia in the given case indicates that the patient has an abnormal heart rhythm that may require further medical attention. This may be due to the respiratory distress caused by COVID-19, which puts a strain on the heart and makes it work harder to provide oxygen to the body.

Learn more about tachycardia here:

https://brainly.com/question/31830000

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