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# Industrial Revolution and Technological Innovations

**Directions:** Read and take Cornell Notes on *Gateway to U.S. History, Chapter 4, The Triumph of Industry*. Then fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the chapter.

1. The first ___ began in the late 18th century and was characterized by major ___ such as the development of the steam engine.
2. The ___, beginning in the late 19th century, was marked by rapid ___ and the rise of the ___, fueled by advancements in ___.
3. Inventors of the era contributed greatly to communication and technology. ___ developed the telegraph, while ___ laid the first transatlantic cable. ___ invented the telephone, and ___ competed in the race to bring ___ and ___ electricity to American homes.
4. The ___, leading to the dominance of the ___, was a method developed to produce stronger and cheaper steel, ___ industries. ___, who controlled much of the oil industry, and ___ in Florida, played key roles in shaping the American economy during this period.
5. Major industrialists like ___, who helped develop the ___, also made important contributions during this time. ___ developed the first automatic dishwasher, while ___ invented a lawn mower with traction wheels. ___ improved electrical railway systems, and ___ created a lubricating device for steam engines. ___ was known for her folding cabinet bed, and ___ became the first female self-made millionaire through her beauty products empire.
6. ___ improved carbon filaments for light bulbs, while ___ invented the lasting machine that revolutionized shoe manufacturing. ___ is known for developing a safety hood for firefighters.
7. To regulate unfair business practices, the federal government passed the ___ to monitor railroad activities and the ___ to combat ___.
8. Wealthy steel magnate ___ became known for his philanthropy, while court cases like ___ and ___ helped shape regulation and the relationship between state and federal government over commerce.

**Names to Know:**
- Isaiah Pierre
- (any other names or significant figures from the chapter)

**Key Terms:**
- (include relevant terms from the chapter)

**Notes:**
- (include space for students to take notes)

**Summary:**
- (include space for students to summarize the key points)

Answer :

Final answer:

The Industrial Revolution was characterized by significant technological advancements, especially during its first and second phases, which transformed American industry and society. Key figures such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller played crucial roles in shaping the economy while inventors like Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison revolutionized communication and technology. The government also began to enforce regulations to address monopolies and unfair practices in the burgeoning industrial landscape.


Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution and Technological Innovations

The first Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century and was characterized by major technological innovations such as the development of the steam engine.

The Second Industrial Revolution, beginning in the late 19th century, was marked by rapid industrial growth and the rise of the corporate economy, fueled by advancements in technology.

Inventors of the era contributed greatly to communication and technology. Alexander Graham Bell developed the telegraph, while Cyrus West Field laid the first transatlantic cable. Thomas Edison invented the telephone, and George Westinghouse competed in the race to bring electricity to American homes.

The Bessemer process, leading to the dominance of the steel industry, was a method developed to produce stronger and cheaper steel. John D. Rockefeller, who controlled much of the oil industry, and Andrew Carnegie in Florida, played key roles in shaping the American economy during this period.

Several female inventors also made important contributions during this time. Josephine Cochrane developed the first automatic dishwasher, while Mary Anderson invented a lawn mower with traction wheels. Other notable inventors include those who improved electrical railway systems and Sarah Breedlove, known for creating a lubricating device for steam engines and the first female self-made millionaire through her beauty products empire.

Thomas Edison improved carbon filaments for light bulbs, while Elias Howe invented the sewing machine that revolutionized shoe manufacturing. Henry H. Bliss is known for developing a safety hood for firefighters.

To regulate unfair business practices, the federal government passed the Interstate Commerce Act to monitor railroad activities and the Sherman Antitrust Act to combat monopolies.

Wealthy steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, who helped develop the steel industry, became known for his philanthropy, while court cases like United States v. E.C. Knight Co. and Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States helped shape regulation and the relationship between state and federal government over commerce.


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