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A piston–cylinder device contains 8 kg of saturated water at 100°C with a quality of 70 percent. The surroundings are at 10°C. This water undergoes two processes as follows:

**Process 1-2:**
- Heat is transferred from a source at 200°C to the water in an internally reversible manner while the temperature is held constant until the water exists as a saturated vapor.

**Process 2-3:**
- The water, starting as a saturated vapor, expands in an adiabatic, reversible process until the pressure is 15 kPa.

(Hint: Make a table of properties at the 3 states.)

Sketch process 1-2 with respect to the saturation lines on a T-s diagram. What is the pressure at states 1 and 2?

Answer :

Final Answer:

The pressure at state 1 is 1.52 MPa, and the pressure at state 2 is 1.52 MPa as well.

Explanation:

In the first step of the process (Process 1-2), heat is added to the water while keeping the temperature constant at 100°C. This is an isothermal process, which means the temperature remains the same, and as a result, the water transitions from a saturated liquid to a saturated vapor. Since the temperature remains constant, the pressure at states 1 and 2 is also the same and corresponds to the saturation pressure at 100°C, which is approximately 1.52 MPa.

In the second step of the process (Process 2-3), the water undergoes an adiabatic, reversible expansion. During this expansion, the temperature and pressure change. However, the final pressure at state 3 is given as 15 kPa in the problem statement.

Therefore, the pressure at states 1 and 2 is 1.52 MPa, and the pressure at state 3 is 15 kPa.

This problem involves the application of the first law of thermodynamics and the use of property tables to determine the properties of water at different states. Understanding thermodynamic processes and how to analyze them is crucial in engineering and physics, especially in the study of heat transfer and fluid mechanics.

Learn more about pressure.

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