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At a certain high school, seniors have the option of taking AP Physics or AP Chemistry in their final year of science.

5% of seniors take both, 35% take AP Physics, and 15% take AP Chemistry.

If a senior is selected at random and we know that they take AP Physics, what is the probability that they also take AP Chemistry?

Answer :

To solve this problem, we need to find the probability that a senior takes AP Chemistry given that they are already taking AP Physics.

Here's how to approach it:

1. Identify the given probabilities:
- Probability of a senior taking AP Physics ([tex]\( P(\text{Physics}) \)[/tex]) is 35%, or 0.35.
- Probability of a senior taking AP Chemistry ([tex]\( P(\text{Chemistry}) \)[/tex]) is 15%, or 0.15.
- Probability of a senior taking both AP Physics and AP Chemistry ([tex]\( P(\text{Both}) \)[/tex]) is 5%, or 0.05.

2. Use the concept of conditional probability:
- The conditional probability formula is [tex]\( P(\text{Chemistry} \mid \text{Physics}) = \frac{P(\text{Both})}{P(\text{Physics})} \)[/tex].

3. Substitute the known values into the formula:
- [tex]\( P(\text{Chemistry} \mid \text{Physics}) = \frac{0.05}{0.35} \)[/tex].

4. Calculate the result:
- When you divide 0.05 by 0.35, you get approximately 0.14285714285714288.

Therefore, the probability that a randomly selected senior, who is taking AP Physics, is also taking AP Chemistry is approximately 0.143, or 14.3%.

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