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10. Let's factorize the following expressions:



a) [tex]x^2 + 15x^2 + 56x[/tex]



b) [tex]x^3 + 17x^2 + 42x[/tex]



c) [tex]x^4 - 4x^4 - 21x^2[/tex]



d) [tex]x^4 - 14x^3 + 45x^2[/tex]



e) [tex]x^2 + 13x^2 - 30x[/tex]



f) [tex]x^4 + 2x^3 - 8x^2[/tex]



g) [tex]x^6 - 18x^4 + 72x^3[/tex]



h) [tex]x^5 + 11x^4 - 102x^4[/tex]

Answer :

- Combine like terms where possible.
- Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF).
- Factor quadratic expressions into two binomials.
- The factorised forms are: a) $8x(2x+7)$, b) $x(x+3)(x+14)$, c) $-3x^2(x^2+7)$, d) $x^2(x-5)(x-9)$, e) $2x(7x-15)$, f) $x^2(x+4)(x-2)$, g) $x^3(x^3-18x+72)$, h) $x^4(x-91)$.

### Explanation
1. Understanding the Problem
We are asked to factorise the given polynomial expressions. This involves finding common factors and expressing each polynomial as a product of simpler expressions.

2. Factoring a)
a) $x^2+15 x^2+56 x$
First, combine like terms: $x^2 + 15x^2 = 16x^2$. So the expression becomes $16x^2 + 56x$.
Now, factor out the common factor $x$: $16x^2 + 56x = x(16x + 56)$.
Next, factor out the greatest common divisor of 16 and 56, which is 8: $x(16x + 56) = 8x(2x + 7)$.

3. Factoring b)
b) $x^3+17 x^2+42 x$
Factor out the common factor $x$: $x^3 + 17x^2 + 42x = x(x^2 + 17x + 42)$.
Now, factor the quadratic expression $x^2 + 17x + 42$. We look for two numbers that multiply to 42 and add to 17. These numbers are 3 and 14. So, $x^2 + 17x + 42 = (x+3)(x+14)$.
Therefore, $x^3 + 17x^2 + 42x = x(x+3)(x+14)$.

4. Factoring c)
c) $x^4-4 x^4-21 x^2$
First, combine like terms: $x^4 - 4x^4 = -3x^4$. So the expression becomes $-3x^4 - 21x^2$.
Now, factor out the common factor $-3x^2$: $-3x^4 - 21x^2 = -3x^2(x^2 + 7)$.

5. Factoring d)
d) $x^4-14 x^3+45 x^2$
Factor out the common factor $x^2$: $x^4 - 14x^3 + 45x^2 = x^2(x^2 - 14x + 45)$.
Now, factor the quadratic expression $x^2 - 14x + 45$. We look for two numbers that multiply to 45 and add to -14. These numbers are -5 and -9. So, $x^2 - 14x + 45 = (x-5)(x-9)$.
Therefore, $x^4 - 14x^3 + 45x^2 = x^2(x-5)(x-9)$.

6. Factoring e)
e) $x^2+13 x^2-30 x$
First, combine like terms: $x^2 + 13x^2 = 14x^2$. So the expression becomes $14x^2 - 30x$.
Now, factor out the common factor $x$: $14x^2 - 30x = x(14x - 30)$.
Next, factor out the greatest common divisor of 14 and 30, which is 2: $x(14x - 30) = 2x(7x - 15)$.

7. Factoring f)
f) $x^4+2 x^3-8 x^2$
Factor out the common factor $x^2$: $x^4 + 2x^3 - 8x^2 = x^2(x^2 + 2x - 8)$.
Now, factor the quadratic expression $x^2 + 2x - 8$. We look for two numbers that multiply to -8 and add to 2. These numbers are 4 and -2. So, $x^2 + 2x - 8 = (x+4)(x-2)$.
Therefore, $x^4 + 2x^3 - 8x^2 = x^2(x+4)(x-2)$.

8. Factoring g)
g) $x^6-18 x^4+72 x^3$
Factor out the common factor $x^3$: $x^6 - 18x^4 + 72x^3 = x^3(x^3 - 18x + 72)$.

9. Factoring h)
h) $x^5+11 x^4-102 x^4$
First, combine like terms: $11x^4 - 102x^4 = -91x^4$. So the expression becomes $x^5 - 91x^4$.
Now, factor out the common factor $x^4$: $x^5 - 91x^4 = x^4(x - 91)$.

10. Final Answer
The factorised forms of the given expressions are:
a) $8x(2x+7)$
b) $x(x+3)(x+14)$
c) $-3x^2(x^2+7)$
d) $x^2(x-5)(x-9)$
e) $2x(7x-15)$
f) $x^2(x+4)(x-2)$
g) $x^3(x^3-18x+72)$
h) $x^4(x-91)$

### Examples
Factoring polynomials is a fundamental skill in algebra and is used extensively in various fields. For example, in engineering, factoring can help simplify complex equations that model physical systems, making them easier to analyze and solve. In computer graphics, factoring can be used to optimize calculations for rendering images, improving performance and efficiency. Moreover, in economics, factoring can be applied to analyze cost functions and optimize production processes, leading to better resource allocation and increased profitability.

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