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Is the data set approximately periodic? If so, what are its period and amplitude?

[tex]
\[
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Hour & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
\hline
Number of cars & 52 & 76 & 90 & 75 & 91 & 104 & 89 & 105 & 119 & 103 & 121 & 135 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\]
[/tex]

A. Not periodic

B. Periodic with period of 3 and amplitude of about 15

C. Periodic with period of 3 and amplitude of about 7.5

D. Periodic with period of 4 and amplitude of about 7.5

Answer :

We begin by examining the hourly data for the number of cars:

[tex]$$
52,\; 76,\; 90,\; 75,\; 91,\; 104,\; 89,\; 105,\; 119,\; 103,\; 121,\; 135.
$$[/tex]

Step 1. Look for a Pattern

Notice that although there is an overall increasing trend throughout the day, there is also a repeating fluctuation. For example, after some increases the data shows a drop (from [tex]$90$[/tex] to [tex]$75$[/tex], and again from [tex]$104$[/tex] to [tex]$89$[/tex]). This suggests that the data might be following a periodic pattern.

Step 2. Identify the Period

Observe the pattern:
- Between hours 1 to 3, the numbers rise and then drop at hour 4.
- A similar drop occurs again after approximately 3 hours (from hour 6 to hour 7).

This behavior indicates that the fluctuations repeat approximately every 3 hours. Hence, we conclude that the period is

[tex]$$
3 \text{ hours}.
$$[/tex]

Step 3. Determine the Amplitude

The amplitude in a periodic (or sinusoidal) function is given by half the difference between the peak (maximum) and the trough (minimum) of the fluctuation. From the observed changes, we see that the drop is around [tex]$15$[/tex] cars. Therefore, the amplitude is approximately calculated as:

[tex]$$
\text{Amplitude} = \frac{15}{2} = 7.5.
$$[/tex]

Conclusion

The data is approximately periodic with a period of [tex]$3$[/tex] hours and an amplitude of about [tex]$7.5$[/tex].

Thus, the final answer is: Periodic with a period of [tex]$3$[/tex] and amplitude of about [tex]$7.5$[/tex].

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