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Charles Darwin's studies on the HMS Beagle led to the foundations of evolutionary theory through his observations of species on the Galápagos Islands. His ideas on speciation and natural selection are exemplified in the diverse finch species that adapted to different environments. Together with Alfred Russel Wallace, Darwin's work emphasized the importance of geographic isolation in the evolution of new species.
Explanation:
Darwin's Contributions to Evolution and Biogeography
Charles Darwin, during his voyage on the HMS Beagle from 1831 to 1836, made significant contributions to the understanding of speciation and natural selection. His observations of various species on the Galápagos Islands and the western coast of South America, particularly the distinct variations in finch beaks across different islands, led him to propose the concept of descent with modification. Darwin noted that the animals and plants found on these islands resembled those on the mainland but had evolved unique adaptations suited to their specific environments.
One crucial example is the finches he studied, where different beak shapes corresponded to their feeding habits, illustrating adaptive radiation. This process describes how one ancestral species can diversify into multiple species to fill various ecological niches. The patterns observed by Darwin and later supported by Alfred Russel Wallace, who also studied island biogeography, underscore the vital role of geographic isolation in the evolution of species.
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