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**Question 3 (15 marks)**

**a) Describe the meaning of the following statements written in C language: (5 marks)**

i. `%.4f`

ii. `%6.2f`

iii. `%ld`

iv. `c-(c>0) ? 10 : -10;`

v. `int A[4][6];`

**b) Given the following snippet of code: (5 marks)**

```c
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int x : numbers) {
if (x == 30) {
continue;
}
}
```

i. What will the program output? (2 marks)

ii. What is the use of `continue;` in the code?

**c) For the following snippet of code: (5 marks)**

```java
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20 : 30;
System.out.println("value of b is " + b);
```

i. What is the value of `b`? (1 mark)

ii. List the types of comments supported in C language. (2 marks)

iii. Re-write the lines of code and comment on each line. All types of comments should appear. (2 marks)

---

**Question 4 (15 marks)**

**a) Use C decision control statement to write a program that will prompt a user to enter marks of students between 0 and 100 and make decisions as follows: (5 marks)**

- 100-80: Upper Division
- 79.9-60: Lower Division
- 59.9-50: Pass
- <50: Retake

Answer :

Certainly! Let's go through each part of the question step-by-step.

### Question 3

#### a) Describe the meaning of the following statements written in C language:
1. %.4f: This format specifier is used in C for floating-point numbers. It indicates that the number should be displayed with 4 decimal places.

2. %6.2f: This format specifier is also for floating-point numbers. It specifies that the total width of the field should be 6 characters, with 2 decimal places. This includes the decimal point and any other characters like signs or spaces.

3. %ld: This format specifier is used to print a long integer in C, accommodating larger integer values.

4. c-(c>0)? 10:-10;: This expression uses the ternary operator in C. It checks if `c` is greater than 0. If true, it evaluates to 10; otherwise, it evaluates to -10.

5. int A[4][6];: This is a declaration of a two-dimensional array in C, with 4 rows and 6 columns.

#### b) Given the following snippet codes:
```c
int [] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int x: numbers) {
if (x == 30) {
continue;
}
}
```
1. What will the program output?: The program will output nothing to the console because the `if` block is empty. The `continue;` statement skips the rest of the loop body when `x == 30`, but since there's no other statement, nothing is affected or printed.

2. What is the use of `continue;` in the codes?: The `continue;` statement is used to skip the current iteration of the loop and move to the next iteration prematurely.

#### c) For the following snippet codes:
```java
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20 : 30;
System.out.println("value of b is " + b);
```
1. What is the value in `b`?: The value of `b` is 30. Since `a` is 10, the condition `a == 1` is false, so the expression in the ternary operator defaults to 30.

2. List the types of comments supported in C language.:
- Single line comment: `// This is a single-line comment`
- Multi-line comment: `/ This is a multi-line comment /`

3. Re-write the lines of code and comment each line.:
```java
a = 10; // Assign 10 to variable a.
b = (a == 1) ? 20 : 30; // Use a ternary operator to assign 30 to b since a is not 1.
System.out.println("value of b is " + b); // Output the value of b.
```

### Question 4

#### a) Decision control statement in C to decide student division based on marks:
You can write a program using C's decision-making statements like `if-else`:

```c
#include

int main() {
float marks;
printf("Enter marks (0 - 100): ");
scanf("%f", &marks);

if (marks >= 80 && marks <= 100) {
printf("Upper Division\n");
} else if (marks >= 60 && marks < 80) {
printf("Lower Division\n");
} else if (marks >= 50 && marks < 60) {
printf("Pass\n");
} else {
printf("Retake\n");
}

return 0;
}
```

This program will prompt the user to enter student marks and determine the division according to the given criteria.

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Rewritten by : Barada