Answer :

Final answer:

Bladder exstrophy management typically involves initial surgical procedures to repair the bladder and may include cystotomy, cystostomy, or even cystectomy, followed by long-term follow-up care for complications.

Explanation:

The management of a patient with bladder exstrophy requires a multi-disciplinary approach often including urology, pediatrics, and sometimes plastic surgery specialists. The condition involves the bladder being turned inside out and exposed outside the body.

Initial treatment commonly involves surgery to repair the bladder and abdominal wall. Procedures such as cystotomy, where an incision is made into the bladder to examine the extent of the defect, or cystostomy, the creation of an artificial opening into the bladder, may be necessary. In severe cases, a cystectomy may be performed to remove the bladder or parts of it. Long-term management includes monitoring for urinary tract infections and ensuring proper urinary function, which could involve the use of cystoscopy to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. It is essential for these patients to receive consistent follow-up care to manage complications and improve quality of life.

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