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If a covalent bond were to be formed between a nitrogen atom (electronegativity 3.0) and an oxygen atom (electronegativity 3.5), which of the following statements would best describe such a bond?

A. Non-polar covalent
B. Polar covalent where the oxygen atom carries the partial negative charge
C. Polar covalent where the nitrogen atom carries the partial negative charge
D. Polar covalent where the oxygen atom carries the partial positive charge

Answer :

To determine the type of bond formed between a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom, we need to consider their electronegativity values. Electronegativity is a measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.

1. Identify Electronegativity Values:
- Nitrogen has an electronegativity of 3.0.
- Oxygen has an electronegativity of 3.5.

2. Calculate Electronegativity Difference:
- Subtract the electronegativity of nitrogen from that of oxygen:
[tex]\[
3.5 - 3.0 = 0.5
\][/tex]

3. Determine the Type of Bond:
- A difference in electronegativity of 0.5 generally indicates a polar covalent bond.

4. Determine Which Atom Carries the Partial Charges:
- In a polar covalent bond, the atom with the higher electronegativity will attract the shared electrons more strongly and thus will carry a partial negative charge.
- Since oxygen has a higher electronegativity than nitrogen, oxygen will carry the partial negative charge.

Based on these steps, the bond between a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom will be a polar covalent bond where the oxygen atom carries the partial negative charge. Therefore, the best description of such a bond is:

B. Polar covalent where the oxygen atom carried the partial negative charge.

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