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Answer :
Final answer:
A warrantless trash pull is generally justified if there's a reasonable expectation of privacy. The individual has discarded the trash in a public space, thereby reducing their expectation of privacy. It is different from probable cause, reasonable suspicion, exigent circumstances, and anonymous tips that justify certain police actions but do not typically apply to trash pulls.
Explanation:
Justifying a warrantless trash pull generally falls under the rule of reasonable expectation of privacy. According to rulings by the Supreme Court since the 1960s, the warrant requirement is limited or can be circumvented in situations where it is established that a person lacks a "reasonable expectation of privacy" outside their home. Such warrantless searches include trash pulls where the garbage is left outside for collection on public property, thus arguably reducing expectation of privacy.
A distinction should be made from the other options: probable cause, reasonable suspicion, exigent circumstances, and anonymous tips. Probable cause is the threshold of evidence required for the government to take specific actions like obtaining a search warrant or making an arrest, based on the belief that a crime has been or will be committed. Reasonable suspicion allows for a temporary stop and potentially a frisk for weapons, as established by Terry v. Ohio. Exigent circumstances justify warrantless searches where there is a reasonable expectation that evidence could be destroyed or tampered with before a warrant can be issued. Lastly, an anonymous tip alone typically does not justify a warrantless search; it must be corroborated with other evidence or observations to establish probable cause.
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