Answer :

Final answer:

The effective nuclear charge of the 1s electron in a Nitrogen atom is +1, this is due to the shielding effect caused by the remaining electrons in the atom.

Explanation:

The effective nuclear charge is the net charge an electron experiences in an atom. The effective nuclear charge can be influenced by many factors, including the shielding effect and the distance between the nucleus and the electron shell. In the case of a nitrogen atom, it has an atomic number of 7, implying it has 7 protons in its nucleus. However, the 1s electron is surrounded by all other outer electrons and therefore it only feels the nuclear charge of +1 because other electrons shield the remainder 6 positive charges. This phenomenon is called shielding.

In a nitrogen atom in its ground state, the electron configuration is: 1s²2s²2p³. The 1s orbital is the closest to the nucleus and experiences the fullest nuclear charge. However, subsequent layers of electrons create a shielding effect, which decreases the effective nuclear charge felt by electrons in outer layers.

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