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Answer :
Final answer:
The scenario depicts natural selection, where the finches with longer beaks were more adapted to their environment, outcompeted those with shorter beaks, and passed on their traits to succeeding generations. This is backed by research on Galápagos finches, which demonstrated that environmental stresses can lead to changes in physical traits and evolution of a species.
Explanation:
The scenario described in your question is a representation of the concept of natural selection. In this case, the finches with longer beaks were able to adapt and survive better in their environment compared to those with shorter beaks, possibly because their longer beaks were a more efficient tool in accessing their food sources. This notion of survival and reproduction of the fittest, as evidenced by the greater number of long-beaked finches, is the foundational principle of natural selection as propounded by Charles Darwin. The concept is further illustrated by the research carried out by Peter and Rosemary Grant on the Galápagos finches.
The Grants' studies on finches -- where some birds have wide and deep bills while others have thinner ones -- showed that natural selection could lead to changes in physical traits such as beak size depending on the environmental stresses, like the availability of seeds during a drought. When food source was scarce, the finches with beaks that allowed efficient consumption of the available food survived, and this trait was passed on to the next generation, causing an evolution of beak size in the population. Over time, it led to a dominance of the finches with the more adaptive trait, affirming the principle of natural selection.
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