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The following program creates objects for folders, subfolders, and files on a hard disk, where the root of the drive is also treated as a folder. These objects are created as instances of the classes `Folder` and `File`, which are subclasses of the abstract class `Item`. The `Filesystem` class is a Singleton and keeps track of all files and folders using an `ArrayList` of `Item`. Study the explanation and outputs in the comments below. The outputs are given in the underlined comments:

- The `getPath()` method of `Item` is used to obtain the path of a folder or a file.
- The `search()` method of `Filesystem` is used to search for a file or a folder with a given name. If two or more hits are found, all results are shown (the ordering is unimportant). For each found folder, show the path; for each found file, show the path and the file size.

Your task: Finish all missing code in the answer paper. Note: Do not use the `instanceof` operator. Otherwise, you may get 0 marks for this question!

Reminder: Read ALL given code carefully! Don't remove or change any given code! Apply `@Override` where appropriate.

```java
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Filesystem {
private ArrayList allItems;

public void search(String name) {
Item.search(allItems, name);
}

public void addItem(Item item) {
allItems.add(item);
}
}

import java.util.ArrayList;

public abstract class Item {
private String name;
private Folder parent;

public Item(Folder parent, String name) {
this.parent = parent;
this.name = name;
Filesystem.getInstance().addItem(this);
}

protected Folder getParent() {
return parent;
}

protected String getName() {
return name;
}
}

public class Folder extends Item {
// Additional folder-related methods and properties
}

public class File extends Item {
// Additional file-related methods and properties
}
```

Please complete the code as necessary, adhering to the guidelines provided.

Answer :

To complete the missing code, you need to define the methods `search()` and `addItem()` in the `Filesystem` class. The code should be updated as follows:

```java

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Filesystem {

private ArrayList allItems;

// Implement the search method

public void search(String name) {

for (Item item : allItems) {

if (item.getName().equals(name)) {

System.out.println(item.getPath());

}

}

}

// Implement the addItem method

public void addItem(Item item) {

allItems.add(item);

}

// Singleton implementation

private static Filesystem instance;

private Filesystem() {

allItems = new ArrayList<>();

}

public static Filesystem getInstance() {

if (instance == null) {

instance = new Filesystem();

}

return instance;

}

}

```

The missing code in the given program includes the implementation of the `search()` and `addItem()` methods in the `Filesystem` class.

1. The `search()` method takes a name as a parameter and iterates through all the items in the `allItems` list. It compares the name of each item with the given name and if a match is found, it prints the item's path using the `getPath()` method.

2. The `addItem()` method takes an `Item` object as a parameter and adds it to the `allItems` list. This method is called in the `Item` class constructor to automatically add each item to the file system.

By implementing the missing code, the program now has the functionality to search for items by name and add new items to the file system. The `search()` method allows finding folders or files with a specific name, and the `addItem()` method enables adding new items to the file system's collection. With these additions, the program can better manage the file system's structure and perform necessary operations on folders and files.

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