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From a young age, a girl has always been praised by her parents for her feminine behavior. Her parents reward her behavior by saying statements like, "You look very pretty in your frock." Her brother, on the other hand, is reprimanded for playing with the girl's dolls.

In the context of social influences on gender development, this scenario illustrates:

a. psychoanalytic theory
b. social cognitive theory
c. gender schema theory
d. social role theory

Answer :

The scenario in which a girl is praised for her feminine behavior and her brother is reprimanded for playing with dolls illustrates the (b) social cognitive theory of gender development.

The scenario depicts the social cognitive theory of gender development, where children learn gender roles through reinforcement and punishment. This is evident through the praise and reprimand given by the parents. Modeling, observation, and imitation are key elements in this theory.

This theory, part of the broader social learning theory, explains that children learn gender roles through observation, modeling, reinforcement, and punishment. According to Bandura, behavior consistent with gender norms is rewarded, while behavior that diverges from these norms is penalized. For example, the girl receives positive feedback for wearing a frock, reinforcing the idea that this behavior is appropriate for her gender. Conversely, the brother is reprimanded for playing with dolls, which reinforces the notion that this behavior is inappropriate for boys.

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