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Answer :
Final answer:
The correct answer for the structure of a neutral magnesium atom is that it has 12 protons and 12 electrons (option a). When magnesium forms an ion, it loses two electrons, resulting in a Mg2+ ion with 12 protons and 10 electrons. Different isotopes of magnesium have different numbers of neutrons.
Explanation:
The atom of Magnesium (Mg), which has an atomic number of 12, will have 12 protons in its nucleus and, when neutral, also has the same number of electrons to balance the positive charge of the protons.
A neutral magnesium atom has 12 protons and 12 electrons. Answer option (a) is the correct answer because each element's atomic number refers to the number of protons in its nucleus, and for a neutral atom, the number of electrons will be equal to the number of protons.
The magnesium ion (Mg2+), however, forms when a magnesium atom loses two electrons, resulting in 12 protons, 10 electrons, and a charge of 2+. Isotopes of magnesium have varying numbers of neutrons, typically 12, 13, or 14.
The correct answer for the structure of a neutral magnesium atom is that it has 12 protons and 12 electrons (option a).
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