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Discuss how Morgan’s chromosomal theory of inheritance confirmed Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. How did Morgan’s theory complicate Mendel’s laws?

Answer :

Final answer:

Morgan's chromosomal theory of inheritance supported Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment by demonstrating that traits are inherited due to random chromosome segregation. His work with fruit flies provided the first experimental evidence supporting the theory that traits are carried on chromosomes. His findings further complicated Mendel's laws by introducing the concept of genetic linkage and demonstrating that individuals can have more traits than they have chromosomes.

Explanation:

Morgan’s chromosomal theory of inheritance confirmed Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment by providing the physical basis of Mendel's model, that is, traits are inherited independently due to random chromosome segregation. The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance proposed by Sutton and Boveri became more substantial after Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with Drosophila melanogaster or fruit flies, which provided the experimental evidence that traits were carried on chromosomes.

However, Morgan's findings also complicated Mendel's laws of inheritance. He discovered that linked genes on the same chromosome do not always assort independently, disrupting Mendel's predicted outcomes. He observed that alleles positioned on the same chromosome can become unlinked or segregate independently during meiosis, which is known as genetic linkage.

Furthermore, Morgan's experiments demonstrated that each chromosome can carry multiple linked genes explaining why individuals can have more traits than they have chromosomes, further complicating Mendel's initial simplified model.

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