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Answer :
The mesolimbic dopamine pathway is hypothesized to regulate emotional behaviors and is the primary pathway implicated in regulating the positive symptoms of psychosis like those seen in schizophrenia. This pathway's dysregulation may result in abnormal incentive salience, contributing to psychotic symptoms which are treatable with antipsychotic medication. Hence the correct answer is option 2.
The dopamine pathway hypothesized to regulate emotional behaviors and believed to be the predominant pathway regulating positive symptoms of psychosis is the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. This pathway originates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and extends to the nucleus accumbens and other limbic structures. It is involved in the control of incentive salience, which means it helps to mediate the motivation and drive for goal-directed behaviors and is also implicated in the development of addictive behaviors.
Disruptions in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway are linked to the abnormal salience attribution, which could underlie positive symptomatology in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The positive symptoms, which can include hallucinations and delusions, respond well to antipsychotic medications that reduce dopamine function, highlighting the significance of the dopamine systems in their generation.
Studies propose that an overactive mesolimbic pathway, particularly the increased signaling in sub-cortical regions like the nucleus accumbens, contributes to the occurrence of schizophrenia. This pathway's dysfunction is also related to behaviors characteristic of drug addiction, such as the increased motivation ('wanting') to take a drug without necessarily increasing the pleasure ('liking') received from it.
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