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Answer :
Final answer:
The pH levels of various solutions are compared based on the strength of the acids and bases. Stronger acids result in lower pH, while stronger bases result in higher pH. The pH in a beaker containing a strong acid or base is generally lower or higher, respectively, compared to that in a beaker with a weak counterpart.
Explanation:
The student's question revolves around comparing the pH levels of various solutions. Here's the analysis of each comparison:
HI vs. HNO₂: HI is a strong acid while HNO₂ is a weak acid, so the pH in beaker A (HI) is LT the pH in beaker B (HNO₂).
NaOH vs. Ba(OH)₂: Both NaOH and Ba(OH)₂ are strong bases, but Ba(OH)₂ is a stronger base because it can provide two hydroxide ions per molecule while NaOH can provide only one. Therefore, the pH in beaker C (NaOH) is LT the pH in beaker D (Ba(OH)₂).
HI vs. NaOH: An acid (beaker A: HI) will always have a lower pH than a base (beaker C: NaOH), so the pH in beaker A is LT the pH in beaker C.
HNO₂ vs. NH₄Cl: NH₄Cl is the salt of the weak base NH₃ and a strong acid HCl, so it forms an acidic solution. HNO₂ is a weak acid, so it has a higher pH than NH₄Cl, meaning the pH in beaker B (HNO₂) is GT the pH in beaker E (NH₄Cl).
NH₄Cl vs. C₂H₅NH₂: NH₄Cl is an acidic salt, while C₂H₅NH₂ (ethylamine) is a weak base and will create a basic solution. Hence, the pH in beaker E (NH₄Cl) is LT the pH in beaker F (C₂H₅NH₂).
NaOH vs. C₂H₅NH₂: Both NaOH (a strong base) and C₂H₅NH₂ (a weak base) create basic solutions, but NaOH is stronger. As such, the pH in beaker C (NaOH) is GT the pH in beaker F (C₂H₅NH₂).
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