What was the methodology used in the study titled "Characteristics of Patients Using Different Patient Portal Functions and the Impact on Primary Care Service Utilization and Appointment Adherence: Retrospective Observational Study" by Zhong et al. (2020)?

The methodology of Zhong et al.'s study is not provided in the references, but typically includes the analysis of health records, surveys, or usage observations. Patient portal studies often explore the impact on primary care and appointment adherence.

Explanation:

The methodology used in the study 'Characteristics of Patients Using Different Patient Portal Functions and the Impact on Primary Care Service Utilization and Appointment Adherence' by Zhong et al. (2020) is not clearly described in the provided references, which focus on different studies related to health care. For a precise explanation of the methods used by Zhong et al., the original research article would need to be consulted. However, when reviewing patient portal studies, methodologies typically include analyzing electronic health records, conducting surveys, or observing usage patterns. The usage of patient portals can influence factors such as primary care service utilization and appointment adherence, similar to how organizational culture was found to impact patient access and experience in the study by Hung et al. (2016).