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Answer :
Complexes with a coordination number 4 mostly adopt tetrahedral and squar planar geometries.
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Complexes with a coordination number 4 mostly adopt tetrahedral and squar planar geometries.
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The two common geometries for complexes with a coordination number of 4 are tetrahedral and square planar. Tetrahedral is widespread in nontransition metals and transition metals with halide ligands, while square planar is mostly seen in second- and third-row transition metal complexes.
Common Geometries for Coordination Number 4
For complexes with a coordination number of 4, the two ubiquitous geometries observed are tetrahedral and square planar.
The tetrahedral geometry is common for all four-coordinate complexes of nontransition metals, such as [BeF4]²⁻, and d¹⁰ ions, like [ZnCl]²⁻. Likewise, this geometry is also found in four-coordinate complexes of the first-row transition metals, especially with halide ligands (e.g., [FeCl4]⁻ and [FeCl4]²⁻).
In contrast, the square planar structure is predominantly seen in four-coordinate complexes of second- and third-row transition metals. Metal complexes such as these exhibit diverse coordination numbers with various geometries, but those with coordination number 4 most commonly adopt either a tetrahedral or square planar geometry.
