Answer :

Final answer:

Kimmel suggests that the deepest aspect of homophobia lies in a fear of being ostracized coupled with the suppression of unconscious same-sex attractions, which leads to overcompensation through hypermasculine behaviors and discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals. This notion of homophobia is aligned with the results of Adams, Wright, & Lohr's 1996 study and the sociocultural theories proposed by Sedgwick.

Explanation:

Kimmel characterizes the deepest aspect of homophobia as a significant psychological conflict between conscious fears (of being ostracized for deviating from the heteronormative expectations of society) and unconscious urges (possible same-sex attraction).

To cope with this anxiety, an individual may resort to overcompensating behaviors such as acting extremely masculine, making derogatory jokes about gay people, and discriminating against LGBTQ+ individuals. These behaviors serve as a defense mechanism, allowing the person to suppress their unconscious impulses and reconcile their inner conflict.

This view of homophobia reflects the concepts presented in the research carried out by Adams, Wright, & Lohr (1996), which showed similar results. These results are discussed alongside a historical context of homophobia, such as the Lavender Scare, where non-heterosexual individuals were deemed as 'deviants' and subjected to discrimination and persecution, influenced by the misconception that they were morally weak.

The term 'homosocial' coined by Sedgwick helps us further understand the complexities of social relations that may contribute to fears around homosexual identity. Sedgwick's work recognizes the strict cultural divide imposed on male relations in the United States, which likely inflames homophobia by stigmatizing physical expressions of camaraderie between men.

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