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Answer :
Final answer:
The change in allele frequencies in generation 5 as shown in the graph is most likely due to Genetic Drift. This is a process where allele frequencies in a population change due to random or chance events, which can include variations in birth rates, death rates, or opportunities for mating. The correct option is 3) Natural selection
Explanation:
The process most likely responsible for the observed change in allele frequencies in generation 5 of your graph is Genetic Drift. This phenomenon occurs when allele frequencies in a population change due to chance events. In a stable population, allele frequencies are expected to remain the same from one generation to the next. However, due to events like variations in birth rates, death rates, or opportunities for mating, certain alleles may become more or less common simply by chance.
The change in frequency for Allele 'a' from 0.5 to 0.55 and 'Allele upper a' from 0.5 to 0.45 from generation 4 to 5 indicates a random shift, not necessarily tied to any apparent advantage or disadvantage these alleles provide. This trend is consistent with the effects of genetic drift, which has a more significant impact on smaller populations. Variations because of random mating, increase in birth rates, or population isolation are less likely to produce the observed change. The correct option is 3) Natural selection
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