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During the Industrial Revolution, soot and pollution darkened the bark of trees near cities, but there was considerably less pollution in the countryside. How do you think the English peppered moth population differed in each location?

A. There were more dark-colored moths in the countryside than in the cities.

B. There were more light-colored moths in the countryside than in the cities.

C. Peppered moths went extinct in the cities, but survived in the countryside.

D. The peppered moth population was similar in both locations.

Answer :

Final answer:

The peppered moth population differed between cities and the countryside during the Industrial Revolution. More dark-colored moths were found in urban areas due to better camouflage in sooty environments, while lighter moths thrived in the cleaner countryside. This change is an example of directional selection influenced by environmental conditions.


Explanation:

Peppered Moth Population Differences During the Industrial Revolution

During the Industrial Revolution, pollution in urban areas darkened the environment, particularly the bark of trees, which affected the peppered moth population. In this context:

  • Light-colored peppered moths were well-camouflaged in pristine environments, while dark-colored moths were better suited to sooty environments.
  • As the Industrial Revolution progressed, the population of dark-colored moths increased significantly in polluted areas as they had a survival advantage, while light-colored moths became less common there.
  • In contrast, the countryside maintained a cleaner environment, favoring the light-colored moths' camouflage.

The expected conclusion is that there were more dark-colored moths in the cities than in the countryside because they were better camouflaged against the dirtied bark, resulting in higher survival and reproduction rates in cities, while the lighter moths thrived in less polluted areas.


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