Answer :

Final answer:

Mutual exclusion in concurrent programming is a crucial concept that ensures only one process or thread can access a shared resource at a time, thus preventing data conflicts and race conditions.

Explanation:

Mutual exclusion in concurrent programming entails that processes cannot be in the same critical section or accessing the same shared resource simultaneously. This concept ensures that only one process or thread can access the shared resource at a time, preventing conflicts and potential data inconsistencies. A common method to achieve mutual exclusion is through the use of locks or synchronization mechanisms. The mutual exclusion property is crucial because it avoids the undesirable situation of race conditions, where multiple processes compete for resource access, possibly causing errors or unexpected behavior in software systems.

An illustrative example of mutual exclusion can be seen when two users try to access and modify a file simultaneously; a file lock might be used to ensure that only one user can make changes at a time. Unlike the concept of mutually exclusive events in probability where two events cannot occur at the same time, mutual exclusion in programming is about enforcing exclusive access to resources within code.

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