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Read carefully and implement a C++ program using semaphores.

In this laboratory, you will implement the Producer-Consumer Pattern in a bounded buffer using semaphores. The bounded buffer is a stack (`std::stack`). The buffer size should not exceed 10,000 elements. This is your shared data.

1. **Create a method called `producer()`:**
- This method will generate a random number from 1 to 10.
- The generated number will be pushed into the stack buffer.
- Sleep for a random time between 1 to 100 ms before adding another number to the buffer.
- Repeat this process 10,000 times.

2. **Create a method called `consumer()`:**
- This method will remove an item from the stack buffer.
- Accumulate the removed (popped) value into a variable called `SUM`.
- Sleep for a random time between 1 to 100 ms before removing another number from the buffer.

3. **Main Method:**
- Produce four threads: two `producer()` and two `consumer()` threads.
- Note: Since there are two `producer()` threads producing a total of 20,000 random numbers, the stack buffer may reach its maximum limit of 10,000. Therefore, a producer thread has to wait before generating another random number and placing it into the stack. Print "Stack Full Producer Waiting [thread-id]" when a producer is waiting.
- The two consumer threads will continuously remove items from the stack. The stack buffer may become empty, requiring the consumer thread to wait until the stack has content. Print "Stack Empty Consumer Waiting [thread-id]" when a consumer is waiting.
- The program terminates when both producers finish adding random numbers into the stack and both consumers fully consume all the numbers from the stack. Devise your own mechanism for detecting this condition.

4. **Display:**
- Display the total sum of all numbers before the program ends.
- To verify the sum is correct, create a temporary variable that also accumulates each number as the producer generates it. Both sums should match at the end of the program.
- Display both values to check if the sum is correct.

Please submit the source code and a screenshot of your output.

Answer :

Final answer:

The C++ program implements the Producer-Consumer Pattern with the use of a Semaphore for synchronization in a multithreaded environment. It works with four threads (2 producers and 2 consumers) interacting with a shared stack container with a limited capacity of 10000 elements.

Explanation:

This C++ program utilizes the Producer-Consumer Pattern with the use of a Semaphore to ensure synchronization among threads. The program works with four threads (2 producers and 2 consumers) interacting with a shared stack container with a limited capacity of 10000 elements.

The producer function generates random numbers and pushes them into the stack, while the consumer function removes items from the stack and accumulates the removed values in a 'sum' variable. Synchronization is maintained through the semaphore, which enables the producers to wait when the buffer is full and the consumers to wait when the buffer is empty.

As successful execution of this program results in concurrent production and consumption, you will have an efficient multi-threaded application taking full advantage of the hardware capabilities. It's a practical example of multithreading and concurrency in C++.

Learn more about Concurrency in C++ here:

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