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Answer :
Final answer:
The cell membrane is (b) freely permeable to water but not to electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, which require transport proteins to cross the membrane. Hence, (b) is the correct option.
Explanation:
Because cell membranes are selectively permeable, some substances can pass through them while others cannot. Water can diffuse freely through the plasma membrane, a process called as osmosis.
However, electrolytes, which are ions such as sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻), cannot pass freely due to the hydrophobic nature of the lipid bilayer. Instead, their transport requires specific membrane transport proteins that facilitate their movement across the membrane.
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