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Answer :
Final answer:
Geologists determine subsurface rock types through various methods such as drilling core samples, seismic data, and inferences based on surface geology and outcrops. Constructing a cross-section based solely on surface observations and outcrops can provide a rough estimate, but for a detailed and accurate cross-section, other methods should also be employed.
Explanation:
The subsurface rock types on a cross-section are usually determined through a combination of methods. One method is drilling core samples, which provides direct information about the subsurface. Another method is by using seismic data, which involves sending shock waves into the ground and interpreting the waves that are reflected back.
Moreover, geologists can infer the subsurface based on surface geology and outcrops. For example, if a certain rock type is found on the surface, the same rock type is likely to be found underneath. Satellite imagery can be used to identify large-scale geological features, but it does not provide a precise picture of the subsurface.
Regarding the second part of your question, yes, it is possible to construct a rough cross-section based on surface observations and outcrops seen during a field trip. However, for a more detailed and accurate cross-section, other methods such as drilling and seismic surveys would ideally be used in combination with observations made at the surface.
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