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Answer :
Final answer:
Pardon is the forgiveness of a crime after conviction, often resulting in the release from prison, but it does not apply in impeachment cases. Reprieve is the postponement of a punishment, usually of a death sentence. Both are constitutionally protected powers of the president or governor that are forms of clemency but do not normally apply to state offenses.
Explanation:
In comparing the powers of reprieve and pardon, these two terms are related to the exercise of clemency or mercy by a governing authority, such as a president or governor.
A pardon is a power typically exerted by the president that legally forgives a crime. It has the effect of absolving an individual of the legal consequences of their offence. This action usually follows a conviction and can secure the release of the individual from prison. It does not however apply in cases of impeachment.
Reprieve, on the other hand, is the act of postponing the execution of a sentence, often in cases of capital punishment. It is a delay but not a forgiveness of the punishment due for the crime. In contrast to a pardon, it does not expunge the crime from the person's record.
Both powers are forms of leniency known as clemency. These are constitutionally protected powers of the president in the case of federal crimes but do not usually extend to state offenses. However, Governors also have similar clemency powers over state offenses.
Another related term is amnesty, which, when applied to a group of people, removes or lessens the severity of the punishment they were facing for certain acts. Presidential pardons and reprieves do not ordinarily include amnesty, although there are historic exceptions, such as the amnesty granted to Confederate sympathizers by President Johnson after the Civil War.
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