High School

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Name the condition described by each of the following statements:

36.1 The foetus dies and all the fluids are reabsorbed, with the hard and dry parts remaining in the uterus.

36.2 The foetus dies and the soft tissue decays, with everything remaining in the uterus.

36.3 Pregnancy is terminated before the normal time of parturition, and the dead foetus is expelled.

36.4 The placenta remains in the uterus after parturition for seven days.

Answer :

The questions presented describe specific medical conditions related to pregnancy and childbirth. Here's a detailed explanation for each condition described:

  1. 36.1 The foetus dies and all the fluids are reabsorbed with the hard and dry parts remaining in the uterus:

    • Condition: Mummification
    • Explanation: This condition occurs when the fetus dies in the uterus and over time, the surrounding fluids are reabsorbed leaving the more solid features of the fetus. This results in a shrunken, mummified form that remains in the uterus.

  2. 36.2 The foetus dies and the soft tissue decays and everything remains in the uterus:

    • Condition: Maceration
    • Explanation: Maceration involves the breakdown and decay of the fetal tissue within the uterus. The fetus essentially decomposes inside the womb, often leading to a softening of structures due to prolonged exposure to inflammatory fluids rather than desiccation.

  3. 36.3 Pregnancy is terminated before the normal time of parturition and the dead foetus is expelled:

    • Condition: Abortion, specifically spontaneous abortion or miscarriage
    • Explanation: This describes a miscarriage where the pregnancy ends on its own and the fetus is expelled from the body prematurely. It can happen for various reasons and is a natural, albeit distressing, process if it occurs spontaneously.

  4. 36.4 The placenta remains in the uterus after parturition for seven days:

    • Condition: Retained placenta
    • Explanation: This occurs when the placenta or parts of it remain in the uterus after childbirth. Normally, the placenta is expelled shortly after the baby, but if it remains, it can lead to complications such as infection or hemorrhage. Medical intervention may be required to remove it if it does not come out on its own.

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