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Josiah invests [tex]\$360[/tex] into an account that accrues [tex]3\%[/tex] interest annually. Assuming no deposits or withdrawals are made, which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account, [tex]y[/tex], after [tex]x[/tex] years?

A. [tex]y = 360(1.3)^x[/tex]
B. [tex]y = 360(0.3)^x[/tex]
C. [tex]y = 360(0.03)^x[/tex]
D. [tex]y = 360(1.03)^x[/tex]

Answer :

To solve this problem, you need to understand how compound interest works. When money is invested with compound interest, the amount of money grows each year by a certain percentage. In Josiah's case, he invests $360 with an annual interest rate of 3%.

The formula for compound interest is:

[tex]\[ y = P \times (1 + r)^x \][/tex]

Where:
- [tex]\( y \)[/tex] is the amount of money in the account after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years.
- [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the principal amount (initial investment).
- [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is the annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal).
- [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is the number of years the money is invested.

Given:
- [tex]\( P = 360 \)[/tex]
- Interest rate = 3% = 0.03 (as a decimal)

Plug these values into the formula:

[tex]\[ y = 360 \times (1 + 0.03)^x \][/tex]

This simplifies to:

[tex]\[ y = 360 \times (1.03)^x \][/tex]

This equation represents the amount of money, [tex]\( y \)[/tex], in Josiah's account after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years. So, the correct choice from the options given is:

[tex]\[ y = 360(1.03)^x \][/tex]

This formula shows how the balance increases due to compound interest over time. Each year, the balance is multiplied by 1.03, which accounts for the original amount plus 3% interest.

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