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Answer :
Final answer:
European interactions with overseas colonies evolved from initial establishment and economic exploitation between 1500-1650, to industrial exploitation and political domination by the 19th century, with a shift in focus from the Americas to Africa and Asia.
Explanation:
The interactions between Europe and its overseas colonies underwent profound changes between 1500-1650 and 1815-1914. In the early period, European powers like Spain and Portugal were establishing new colonies, engaging in the early stages of the Atlantic slave trade and exerting their influence through mercantilism and missionary work. However, by the 19th century, the dynamics had shifted significantly. Following the American and Latin American revolutions, European colonial empires, such as the British and French, had to adapt to a loss of territories in the Americas. The focus turned towards imperialism in Africa and Asia, marked by industrial interests and the Scramble for Africa, which created an unprecedented level of control and exploitation.
The earlier period was characterized by the establishment and expansion of empires through conquest and colonization, particularly in the Americas and parts of Asia. By contrast, the later period witnessed a transition towards industrial colonialism and an increase in the geopolitical competition between European powers, as exemplified by the Scramble for Africa. Ethnocentric doctrines, such as the concept of the 'White Man's Burden', were used to justify the domination and reshaping of societies. Moreover, the advancement of military and naval technology in Europe provided the means to enforce colonial dominance more effectively.
Thus, while the period of 1500 to 1650 saw the initial establishment and economic exploitation of colonies, the period of 1815 to 1914 was characterized by industrial exploitation, political domination, and a race among European nations to acquire more territories, consequently increasing tension and setting the stage for global conflict.
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