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A study by Caspi, Henry, McGee, Moffitt, and Silva (1995) revealed that temperamental style in early childhood might be linked to adjustment problems during adolescence. The study involved a cohort of 1,037 children born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, in Dunedin, New Zealand.

1. What type of research design is used in this study (i.e., cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental, correlational, or naturalistic observation)? Is this design appropriate? Why or why not?

2. What explanation do the researchers offer for their findings? Does this explanation make sense on the basis of the evidence?

3. Given the results of this study, why can't the researchers draw a causal connection between behavior disorders and temperament?

4. Can you think of an alternative explanation for the results of this study?

Answer :

Final answer:

The study used a longitudinal research design, which was appropriate for observing development over time. The researchers found a possible link between early childhood temperament and adolescent adjustment problems, but couldn't confirm causality due to other factors. An alternative explanation may be that the environment's response to a child's temperament may cause the adjustment issues.

Explanation:

The study by Caspi et al. (1995) used a longitudinal research design because it followed the same subjects – a cohort of children born within a certain time frame – over a period of time to track their development and behaviors. This kind of design is indeed appropriate for such a study, as it allows for the observation of changes over time and can better assist in determining causal relationships compared to cross-sectional studies.

The researchers suggest that temperamental style in early childhood might be linked to adjustment problems during adolescence. This conclusion does have supporting evidence in the study’s observations over time.

However, a causal connection between the two cannot be definitively drawn due to the presence of other potential influencing factors, such as socio-economic status, parental influence, peer pressure, and life experiences that were not controlled in the study.

An alternative explanation may be that it's not the temperamental style itself that causes adjustment issues, but how the environment responds to the child's temperament. For instance, if a child's temperament is mismatches with their environment's expectations, it might lead to adjustment problems.

Learn more about Longitudinal Study here:

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