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Complete the text with suitable forms of the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.

**Electric cars - Latest update**

A small American car manufacturer (0) *has just announced* (just announce) that its experimental electric car, the Lexington X1, will go into production this year. Markton Automobiles, of Detroit, Michigan, (1) *made* (make) the announcement at last month's Auto Show in Geneva.

Although there are now many electric cars on the market, so far manufacturers (2) *have not been able* (not be able) to produce one that can really compete with existing petrol cars. There are two major problems - speed and distance. Up until now, electric cars (3) *have been* (be) either too slow or unable to travel far enough without recharging their batteries. Markton Automobiles claim that they (4) *have overcome* (overcome) these difficulties with a new type of solar panel which continually recharges the batteries. The company (5) *has not given* (not give) the press exact details yet, but they claim they (6) *have already tested* (already test) the car successfully under all kinds of weather conditions. A Japanese company (7) *designed* (first design) the engine in 2007. But over the last few years, Markton (8) *has adapted* (adapt) the design and increased its power. The company (9) *invited* (invite) ten journalists to test-drive the new car last week. Their reports (10) *were* (be) mainly positive, although we will have to wait for the full test results before we know if this really is the electric car that everyone is waiting for.

**Complete the conversation with words and phrases from the box. There are three extra words or phrases.**

*hasn't told, told, has told, have you done, 've used, was, 's been, happened, had just, has decided, 've just fallen, has given*

**ALEC:** Hi, Judi, I'm home!

**JUDI:** Shh. Don't disturb the children. They (0) *'ve just fallen* asleep.

**ALEC:** OK. I'll be quiet. So, how are things? What (1) *happened* today?

**JUDI:** Not much. It (2) *was* a quiet day really. What about you?

**ALEC:** Quite an exciting day. The boss (3) *has given* me a new job!

**JUDI:** Wow. That's fantastic. What (4) *has happened*?

**ALEC:** Sylvia (5) *has decided* to move Eddie to the Toronto office. So I've got his job! She (6) *told* me about it at lunchtime. It (7) *was* a real surprise!

**JUDI:** Well, I hope it's more money because we (8) *'ve used* all our savings!

Answer :

To complete the text with the suitable forms of the words in brackets, we need to use either the present perfect or the past simple tense. Let's look at the rules and decide which is appropriate for each blank:

  1. Use the past simple tense for actions that happened at a specific time in the past. For example, "The company made the announcement at last month's Auto Show in Geneva."

  2. Use the present perfect tense for actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past or that have relevance to the present. For example, "Manufacturers have not been able to produce one that can compete."

Here's the completed passage, with each verb in the correct tense:

  • Electric cars - Latest update

  1. A small American car manufacturer has just announced that its experimental electric car, the Lexington X1, will go into production this year. Markton Automobiles, of Detroit, Michigan, (1) made the announcement at last month's Auto Show in Geneva.

  2. Although there are now many electric cars on the market, so far manufacturers (2) have not been able to produce one that can really compete with existing petrol cars.

  3. There are two major problems - speed and distance. Up until now, electric cars (3) have been either too slow or unable to travel far enough without recharging their batteries.

  4. Markton Automobiles claim that they (4) have overcome these difficulties with a new type of solar panel which continually recharges the batteries.

  5. The company (5) has not given the press exact details yet, but they claim they (6) have already tested the car successfully under all kinds of weather conditions.

  6. A Japanese company (7) designed the engine in 2007. But over the last few years Markton (8) has adapted the design and increased its power.

  7. The company (9) invited ten journalists to test-drive the new car last week.

  8. Their reports (10) were mainly positive, although we will have to wait for the full test results before we know if this really is the electric car that everyone is waiting for.

For the conversation, here are the correct choices:

  • ALEC Hi, Judi, I'm home!
  • JUDI Shh. Don't disturb the children. They (0) 've just fallen asleep.
  • ALEC OK. I'll be quiet. So, how are things? What (1) happened today?
  • JUDI Not much. It (2) 's been a quiet day really. What about you?
  • ALEC Quite an exciting day. The boss (3) has given me a new job!
  • JUDI Wow. That's fantastic. What (4) happened?
  • ALEC Sylvia (5) has decided to move Eddie to the Toronto office. So I've got his job!
  • She (6) told me about it at lunchtime. It (7) was a real surprise!
  • JUDI Well, I hope it's more money because we (8) 've used all our savings!

Applying the present perfect or past simple form depends on the context and time reference given in each sentence.

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