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Answer :
Final answer:
Heat transfer at the Earth's inner core happens mainly through conduction, where heat is transferred through direct contact between atoms. Convection occurs in the Earth's mantle where heat is transferred by the movement of fluids. Radiation is less relevant to the inner core but is vital for solar heat transfer to the Earth's surface. Therefore the correct answer is A.
Explanation:
The process of heat transfer in the Earth's layers—particularly at the inner core—can involve several mechanisms. Specifically, the type of heat transfer occurring at the inner core is primarily conduction.
Conduction is the heat transfer that occurs by direct contact between adjacent atoms and molecules. Since the inner core is solid, its atoms are closely packed, and heat can transfer through this direct physical contact.
Beyond the inner core and in the Earth's mantle, convection occurs. Convection is the transfer of heat by the physical movement of a fluid (which includes liquids and gases). Within the Earth, this happens as hot, less dense material rises, cools down, then becomes denser and sinks, creating a continuous cycle.
Radiation is another form of heat transfer where energy is emitted as electromagnetic waves, which can occur without the need for a medium and can even happen through a vacuum. This form of heat transfer is less relevant to the Earth's inner core but is extensively involved in the heating of the Earth's surface by the Sun (solar radiation).
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