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Answer :
Final answer:
The two ways a star can transport energy outwards are through radiation and convection.
Explanation:
In a star, energy can be transported outwards by two primary modes: radiation and convection. Energy in the star arises from nuclear reactions deep within its core and the energy needs to be transported outwards, towards its surface. Radiation occurs when energetic photons move away from the hot material and are absorbed elsewhere, passing on their energy.
Radiation involves photons moving away from hot material, while convection involves the circulation of hot material rising and cool material descending.
However, in star interiors which are very opaque, radiation is less efficient and a photon does not travel far before being absorbed and re-emitted, possibly in any direction. Convection, on the other hand, happens when currents of warm material rise, transferring their energy to cooler layers. In the context of stars, hot material rises and as it cools, it descends back, resulting in a convective circulation of rising and falling currents.
Radiation occurs when energetic photons move away from hot material and are absorbed by other materials, transferring some or all of their energy. Convection, on the other hand, involves currents of warm material rising and carrying their energy to cooler layers. This is similar to how hot air rises from a fireplace.
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