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Answer :
Final answer:
A 'keystone species' is one that has a vital impact on the health of an ecosystem. Significant changes in the population of a keystone species can dramatically affect the biodiversity and structure of the ecological community (option a).
Explanation:
The term for a species that has a critical impact on the health of an ecosystem is: (A) keystone species. This term refers to a species that plays an extremely significant role within its community. Major fluctuations in the population of a keystone species can vastly impact the populations of many other species within the same community.
For instance, consider sea star species in coral reef communities. They play a critical role as a keystone species by preying on mussels and sea urchins, species that lack other natural predators. If sea stars were removed from these communities, the populations of mussels and sea urchins would skyrocket. This, in turn, would drive away many other species and ultimately destroy the coral reef community.
Another example is the banded tetra, a tropical stream-dwelling fish that contributes nearly all of the phosphorus - an essential inorganic nutrient - to its community. If this keystone species were to become extinct, the entire community and possibly its biodiversity, would be drastically altered.
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