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Answer :
Final answer:
Comparative psychology integrates multiple disciplines to study animal behavior, with significant contributions from Margaret Floy Washburn in animal cognition and C. Lloyd Morgan in behavior and instinct. Both emphasized empirical research and a cautious interpretation of animal behaviors, aligning with psychology's shift towards observable actions.Therefore,option(B) is correct.
Explanation:
Comparative psychology looks into the psychological similarities and differences among animals, including humans. It intertwines various disciplines such as genetics, evolution, and bio-psychology to understand animal behavior. Notably, Margaret Floy Washburn and C. Lloyd Morgan are pivotal figures in this field. Washburn, the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology, focused her research on animal behavior and cognition, significantly contributing to comparative psychology through her experimental work and advocacy for the importance of animal studies in understanding human psychology. C. Lloyd Morgan, on the other hand, is best known for Morgan's Canon, a foundational principle in comparative psychology that suggests simpler psychological processes should not be replaced by more complex ones if the simple ones can explain the same behavior.
Morgan's work on instinct and behavior set a foundation that Washburn potentially expanded on, though their direct interaction in research isn't heavily documented. Both, however, emphasized the importance of empirical evidence and were cautious about overinterpreting animal behavior, aligning with the broader shift towards behaviorism in psychology, led by figures like John B. Watson. This movement focused on observable behaviors rather than the speculative analysis of the mind, setting the stage for Modern Comparative Psychology to thrive on both behavioral and cognitive analysis of animals.
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