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Which of the statements best describes one step in the process of engineering bacterial cells to produce a human protein?

A. Introducing the human protein directly into bacterial cells
B. Editing the bacterial genome to produce the human protein
C. Incorporating bacterial DNA into human cells
D. Selecting bacterial strains with no protein production capacity

Answer :

Final answer:

The correct statement that describes a step in the process of engineering bacterial cells to produce a human protein is 'b) Editing the bacterial genome to produce the human protein,' which is accomplished by splicing a human gene into a plasmid and introducing this recombinant plasmid into the bacteria.

Explanation:

Engineering Bacteria to Produce Human Proteins

The process of genetically engineering bacteria to produce human proteins involves several key steps. One of these steps includes the introduction of a human gene, which encodes for the desired protein, into the bacteria. This is achieved using a plasmid, which is a small circular DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA.

  1. The human gene of interest is first spliced into the plasmid DNA using an enzyme called DNA ligase.
  2. The resulting recombinant plasmid is then introduced into bacterial cells through a process known as transformation.
  3. After transformation, selection techniques are applied to identify and grow only the bacteria that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA.
  4. These selected bacterial cells are then cultured to produce large quantities of the protein encoded by the human gene.

One common example is the production of the protein cytokine, which is used to help fight infections. The production and purification of such proteins involve expressing the gene within the bacteria, and then subsequently purifying the protein from the bacterial cultures. The central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, explains why a human gene can produce the correct protein even when inserted into a bacterial host.

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