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Answer :
Gastroenteritis is a common cause of sepsis, a severe inflammatory response to infection that can lead to organ dysfunction, including Acute Renal Failure (ARF).
The pathogenesis of sepsis involves an exaggerated immune response to an infection, which can lead to widespread inflammation, vascular damage, and impaired blood flow to organs. In Mr. Fallbrook's case, the gastroenteritis likely caused a bacterial infection that triggered an immune response leading to sepsis. The infection may have spread from his intestines into his bloodstream, causing bacteria and toxins to circulate throughout his body. This can lead to kidney damage due to decreased blood flow and inflammation, resulting in ARF.
2: Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and certain types of kidney disease. It works by relaxing blood vessels and decreasing the production of a hormone called angiotensin II, which can narrow blood vessels and increase blood pressure.
The usual starting dose of enalapril is 2.5-5 mg once daily, which can be increased gradually as needed up to a maximum of 40 mg per day. Common side effects of enalapril include dizziness, headache, fatigue, cough, and gastrointestinal upset. Rare but serious side effects can include angioedema, a severe allergic reaction that can cause swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and severe hypotension. Enalapril is generally safe and well-tolerated, but it should not be used during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus.
3: There are three types of Acute Renal Failure (ARF): prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Prerenal ARF occurs when there is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, usually due to a decrease in blood volume or blood pressure.
What is intrarenal ARF?
Intrarenal ARF occurs due to damage within the kidneys, such as acute tubular necrosis or glomerulonephritis.
4: Dialysis is a medical treatment that removes waste and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable to function properly. There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis involves using an artificial kidney machine to filter the blood outside the body and return it to the body through a vein. This process typically takes 3-4 hours and is done several times a week in a clinic or hospital setting. Peritoneal dialysis involves using the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) as a filter to remove waste and excess fluids from the blood. This is done by inserting a catheter into the abdomen and filling it with a dialysis solution, which is drained out after several hours.
To know more about glomerulonephritis, visit:
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