Answer :

To make wafer silicon from sand, you need to:

1. Mine sand.

2. Wash the sand to remove impurities.

3. Heat the sand to a high temperature to melt it.

4. Add a chemical called quartz to the melted sand.

5. Cool the melted sand to form a solid block of silicon.

6. Cut the solid block of silicon into thin wafers.

1. **Mine sand:** Sand is the main raw material used to make wafer silicon. It is mined from beaches, riverbeds, and other sources.

2. **Wash the sand:** The sand is washed to remove impurities such as dirt, clay, and other minerals. This is done to ensure that the silicon that is produced is of high quality.

3. **Heat the sand to a high temperature to melt it:** The sand is heated to a high temperature of about 1,600 degrees Celsius to melt it. This process is called **smelting**.

4. **Add a chemical called quartz to the melted sand:** Quartz is a chemical compound that is made up of silicon and oxygen. It is added to the melted sand to help remove impurities and to improve the quality of the silicon.

5. **Cool the melted sand to form a solid block of silicon:** The melted sand is cooled to form a solid block of silicon. This process is called **crystallization**.

6. **Cut the solid block of silicon into thin wafers:** The solid block of silicon is cut into thin wafers. The thickness of the wafers is typically about 0.5 millimeters.

The wafers are then further processed to remove impurities and to improve their electrical properties. They are then used to make a variety of electronic devices, such as computer chips, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes.

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