Which of the following best explains how the limestone weathered?

A. Wind blowing across the surface eroded the limestone.
B. Animals burrowing into the limestone created a tunnel.
C. Water flowing through the rock dissolved the limestone.
D. Moss and plants growing on the rock broke down the limestone.

Limestone weathers primarily through chemical weathering, particularly by water dissolving its calcium carbonate. Among the options, water flowing through the rock is the best explanation for this weathering process. Other methods, while impactful, do not dissolve the rock as effectively.

Explanation:

Understanding Weathering of Limestone

Limestone undergoes weathering through various natural processes, primarily due to chemical weathering. Among the options provided, the best explanation for how limestone has weathered is:

Water flowing through the rock dissolved the limestone.

This process is known as chemical weathering, where water, often slightly acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide, reacts with the calcium carbonate in limestone, leading to its dissolution. This reaction can create features such as caves and sinkholes over time. Other options, like wind erosion or animal burrowing, may contribute to the breakdown of the rock, but they do not best explain how limestone specifically weathers in a significant way.

Examples: Moss and plant roots can physically disturb rocks but are less effective than water in dissolving limestone. Additionally, while wind can erode surfaces, it does not chemically alter limestone effectively.

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