A medical experiment compared the herb Echinacea with a placebo for preventing colds. The study used 50 different response variables usually associated with colds, such as low-grade fever, congestion, cough, etc. The subjects were 40 women between 25 and 40 years of age.

At the end of the study, the Echinacea group displayed significantly better responses at the $\alpha=0.05$ level for three of the 50 response variables studied. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion to draw from this study?

A) Echinacea is significantly effective for preventing colds in women aged 25-40.
B) Echinacea is not effective for preventing colds in women aged 25-40.
C) Echinacea is effective for preventing colds in the general population.
D) Placebo is more effective than Echinacea for preventing colds in women aged 25-40.

Question

01-12-2023
Biology

High School

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A medical experiment compared the herb Echinacea with a placebo for preventing colds. The study used 50 different response variables usually associated with colds, such as low-grade fever, congestion, cough, etc. The subjects were 40 women between 25 and 40 years of age.

At the end of the study, the Echinacea group displayed significantly better responses at the $\alpha=0.05$ level for three of the 50 response variables studied. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion to draw from this study?

A) Echinacea is significantly effective for preventing colds in women aged 25-40.
B) Echinacea is not effective for preventing colds in women aged 25-40.
C) Echinacea is effective for preventing colds in the general population.
D) Placebo is more effective than Echinacea for preventing colds in women aged 25-40.

Answer :

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syubbana3 syubbana3 · Answer 1 · 2024-12-21T13:03:51-05:00

Answer:

The appropriate conclusion to draw from this study is Placebo is more effective than Echinacea for preventing colds in women aged 25-40.

The correct answer is D

Explanation:

The study found that out of the 50 response variables associated with colds, the Echinacea group displayed significantly better responses for only three of them at the α=0.05 level. This means that while Echinacea may have shown some effectiveness in improving certain symptoms associated with colds, it did not demonstrate a significant overall benefit compared to the placebo group.

Therefore, it would be inappropriate to conclude that Echinacea is significantly effective for preventing colds in women aged 25-40 (option A) or that it is effective for preventing colds in the general population (option C).

Furthermore, since the placebo group did not receive active treatment and still displayed comparable or better responses for most of the response variables, it suggests that the placebo itself may have had a significant effect in alleviating cold symptoms.

Thus, the most appropriate conclusion is that the placebo is more effective than Echinacea for preventing colds in women aged 25-40

The correct answer is D